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Therefore, if we replace R4 in Figure 3 with an active strain gauge, any changes in the strain gauge resistance will unbalance the bridge and produce a nonzero output voltage. If the nominal resistance of the strain gauge is designated as RG, then the strain-induced change in resistance, ?R, can be expressed as ?R = RG•GF•?. Strain Gage Placement for Intel BGA components (Plan of Record Location and Alternate Gage Locations): Since strain is relative to location, the same strain gage location must be used for testing as was used to get the strain guidance. Unless the gages are placed in the same location, strain numbers cannot be compared to the strain guidance. Strain Gages Structure of Strain Gages There are many types of strain gages. Among them, a universal strain gage has a structure such that a grid-shaped sensing element of thin metallic resistive foil (3 to 6µm thick) is put on a base of thin plastic film (15 to 16 µm thick) and is laminated with a thin film. Laminate film Metallic resistive foil i" """ Introduction* The"semiconductor"strain"gage"may"be"thought"of"as"astrain"sensitive"resistor.""Generally"when"bonded" to"a"stressed"member,"its"resistance form of strain gauge is represented in the previous illustration. The name "bonded gauge" is given to strain gauges that are glued to a larger structure under stress (called the test specimen). The task of bonding strain gauges to test specimens may appear to be very simple, but it is not. "Gauging" is a craft in its own right, chapter, together with a discussion of strain-gage types and characteristics, cements and bonding techniques,circuitry for signal enhancement and temperature compen-sation, and related aspects of strain-gage technology. The electrical resistance strain gage discussed in this chapter is basically a To check for the quality of gage bonding, a close visual inspection for flaws, followed by checks using a model 1300 gage installation tester can be carried out. Final confirmation is to look for It is difficult to bond a strain gauge to a bolt while measuring the tightening stress. Normally, this requires the use of heavy machinery, but the application of special electrical strain gauges provides a simplified solution for measuring the axial load on bolt elements. Failure to follow gage bonding adhesive instructions, which may cause gage un-bonding Strain gage adhesives are specially formulated to provide the high shear modulus needed to faithfully transmit the specimen strain to the gage grid. These high-performance adhesives require strict adherence to prescribed preparation and cure procedures. the applied force when calibrated. Same as Fine Wire strain gauge operation. Advantages of Metal foil Strain gauge These strain gauges can be manufactured in any shape. Perfect bonding of the strain gauge is possible with structure under study. The backing can be peeled off and the metal foil with leads can be used directly on the structure (b) Strain Gauge Bonding The performance of the strain gauge is absolutely dependent on the bond between itself and the test part. Strain gauge bonding involves the following steps (c) Soldering Soldering involves the following steps (d) Strain Gauge Installation Testing The following tests are performed on the installed strain gauge to A strain-gage Wheatstone bridge is configured with 1, 2 or 4 gages according to the measuring purpose. The typical wiring systems are shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. F
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