Herbicide and pesticide resistance pdf

PESTICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT Pesticide Resistance Management The first signs of pesticide resistance begin with the observation that pests are surviving pesticide applications, and that increased rates or frequencies of application are necessary to provide acceptable control. As more applications are made, pesticide rates The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds monitors the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds throughout the world. The site is a global collaboration between weed scientists with a common goal of understanding, preventing and managing the occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds. 3.3 Herbicide-Resistant Mutant. Herbicide resistance in crops is a time-saving and cost-effective way of controlling weeds. Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also called acetolactate synthase (ALS), is the first enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of branched amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine, and is the target of some herbicides such as Take Action: Pesticide Resistance Management . Manage Your Fields. Long-term resistance management requires more than pest control aimed only at minimizing crop loss in any one season. Indicators of possible herbicide resistance include: 1) failure to control a weed species normally controlled by the herbicide at the dose applied, especially if control is achieved on adjacent weeds; 2) a spreading patch of pesticide resistance-management and/or integrated weed-management HERBICIDE RESISTANCE: DEFINITION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 4 Table 1. Herbicides, their mode of action, and herbicide classes registered for use in California (Resistance has evolved in many groups and is listed in terms of weeds worldwide, in the United States, and in California. Chemical families marked with the same code have been Pesticide resistance is increasi ng in occurrence. In the 1940s, fa rmers in the USA lost 7% of their crops to pests, while since the 1980s, the percentage lost has increased to 13, even though more pesticides are being used (PBS, 2001). Over 500 species of pests have developed a resistance to a pesticide (Anonymous, 2007). Pesticide resistance is the inherited ability of a pest to avoid toxic effects when exposed to a particular pesticide. As resistance becomes more frequent in a pest population, the pesticide will become less effective. Its continued use will only accelerate the problem. In time, you may find it impractical or 3. FINALE Herbicide is rainfast in a minimum of one-half hour and an average of 4 hours after application depending upon weed species, environmental conditions, and herbicide application rate. 4. DO NOT allow grazing of vegetation treated with this product. 5. Plants may be safely planted into FINALE Herbicide treated areas after spray has dried. herbicide-resistant weeds or Bt-resistant insects in any of the fields they farmed. The 2013 survey listed several types of herbicides and Farmer Perspectives on Pesticide Resistance Pesticide resistance in field populations of stored-product insects can be determined by exposing insects to a series of doses of a residual insecticide and recording the mortality of insects at each dose. Offspring of field-collected insects may need to be reared in the laboratory to have enough insects for the dose-mortality test. Pesticide resistance in field populations of stored-product insects can be determined by exposing insects to a series of doses of a residual insecticide and r